| Socrates |
469–399 |
|
| Plato |
429-347 |
|
| Aristotle |
384-322 |
|
|
146 |
Roman conquest of Greece |
| Cicero |
106-43 |
|
|
48 |
Traditional date for the burning of the Library at Alexandria |
|
44 BCE |
Death of Julius Caesar |
|
c 30 CE |
Death of Jesus |
| Philo of Alexandria |
early 1st cent. |
|
| Seneca |
d. 65 |
|
|
79 |
Eruption of Vesuvius Destroys of Pompeii |
|
272 – 337 |
Constantine, first Christian Roman Emperor |
|
late 4th century |
Jerome completes translation of Bible into Latin |
| Augustine |
354-430 |
|
|
410 |
Visgoths sack Rome |
| Boethius |
ca. 480-524 or 525 |
|
| End of Greek literacy in Europe |
6th century |
|
| Justinian closes Plato’s Academy in Athens |
529 |
|
|
570-630 |
Mohammed |
|
622 |
The Hejira (Mohammed’s journey to Mecca): start of Islamic calendar |
|
641 |
Muslim conquest of Persia |
|
711 |
Muslim conquest of the Iberian Peninsula (modern day Spain) |
| Translation project in Baghad around the House of Wisdom: Greek into Arabic |
8th Century |
|
|
800 |
Charlemagne crowned Holy Roman Emperor |
| al-Fārābī |
d. 950/951 |
|
| Ibn Sīnā (Avicenna) |
d. 1037 |
|
|
1066 |
William the Conquerer invades England |
|
1088 |
University of Bologna founded |
| Anselm of Canterbury |
d.1109 |
|
| Abū Ḥāmid al-Ghazālī |
d.1111 |
|
| Translation of Arabic and Greek sources into Latin; western “recovery” of Aristotle’s non-logical works |
mid 12th century |
|
| William of Champeaux |
d.1122 |
|
| Peter Abelard |
d.1142 |
|
| Heloise |
d.1164 |
|
| Hildegard of Bingen |
d.1179 |
|
| Ibn Ṭufayl |
d. 1185 |
|
| Ibn Rushd (Averroes) |
d. 1198 |
|
| Moses Ibn Maymun (Maimonides) |
1135-1204 |
|
|
1200 |
University of Paris founded |
|
1204 |
Sack of Constantinople |
|
1258 |
Mongols sack Baghdad |
| Thomas Aquinas |
d.1274 |
|
| Henry of Ghent |
d.1294 |
|
|
c. 1300 |
Marco Polo publishes his Book of Marvels |
| John Duns Scotus |
d.1308 |
|
|
d.1321 |
Dante Aligheri |
| William of Ockham |
d.1347 |
|
|
1347-1351 |
Peak of the Black Plague in Europe — kills around half of Europe’s population |
|
1381 |
First translation of Bible into English |
|
d.1400 |
Geoffrey Chaucer |
| Julian of Norwich |
d. after 1416 |
|
|
1431 |
Execution of Joan of Arc |
| First complete translation of Plato into Latin |
1484 |
|
|
1517 |
Luther posts his 95 Theses |
| Galileo |
1564-1562 |
|
| Descartes |
1596-1650 |
|